Global Behavioral Health Software Market Report (2026–2036)
Market Overview
The global Behavioral Health Software market was valued at USD 1.13 billion in 2020 and is projected to reach USD 2.41 billion by 2036, growing at a CAGR of 10.0% during 2026–2036. Behavioral health software enables clinicians to create and manage electronic mental health records efficiently, supporting diagnosis, treatment, and patient engagement. Growth is driven by rising prevalence of mental health disorders, increasing adoption of telehealth solutions, and government initiatives promoting digital healthcare.
Key Players
- Cerner Corporation
- Epic Systems Corporation
- Netsmart Technologies, Inc.
- NextGen Healthcare, Inc.
- Allscripts Healthcare Solutions, Inc.
- CureMD Healthcare
- Mediware Information Systems
- Kareo, Inc.
- EMIS Health
- Credible Behavioral Health Software
- Qualifacts Systems, Inc.
- Core Solutions, Inc.
- The Echo Group
- Careworks, Inc.
- Askesis Development Group, Inc.
- MindLinc
- Welligent, Inc.
- Valant Medical Solutions
- PsHEALTH
- ICareHealth
- Accumedic Computer Systems, Inc.
- BestNotes
- Athenahealth, Inc.
- Greenway Health, LLC
- AdvancedMD, Inc.
Segments Analysis
By Product Type
- Ownership Model (on-premise solutions, higher upfront costs, full control)
- Subscription Model (cloud-based, scalable, lower upfront costs, recurring revenue)
By Application
- Hospitals (large-scale deployment for inpatient and outpatient care)
- Clinics (small to mid-sized practices, outpatient behavioral health services)
- Residential Facilities (rehabilitation centers, long-term care)
- Others (community health centers, telehealth platforms, academic institutions)
Regional Analysis
- North America: Largest market due to advanced healthcare infrastructure, strong adoption of EHR systems, and supportive government policies.
- Europe: Significant demand driven by digital health initiatives and rising mental health awareness.
- Asia-Pacific: Fastest-growing region, led by China, India, and Japan, with expanding healthcare investments and increasing adoption of telehealth.
- Latin America: Emerging demand in Brazil and Argentina, supported by growing healthcare digitization.
- Middle East & Africa: Niche but expanding market, with growth supported by modernization of healthcare systems and rising mental health awareness.
Porter’s Five Forces
- Threat of New Entrants – Moderate; cloud-based solutions lower entry barriers, but established players dominate.
- Bargaining Power of Suppliers – Moderate; reliance on software developers and cloud infrastructure providers.
- Bargaining Power of Buyers – High; hospitals and clinics demand cost-effective, user-friendly, and interoperable solutions.
- Threat of Substitutes – Moderate; manual record-keeping and generic EHR systems compete but lack specialization.
- Industry Rivalry – High; intense competition among global and regional software providers.
SWOT Analysis
Strengths
- Essential tool for behavioral health management
- Strong presence of established global players
- Wide adoption across hospitals, clinics, and telehealth platforms
Weaknesses
- High costs of advanced solutions
- Dependence on internet connectivity and IT infrastructure
Opportunities
- Expansion into emerging markets with growing mental health awareness
- Rising demand for telehealth and mobile-based behavioral health solutions
- Increasing adoption of AI-enabled analytics for patient care
Threats
- Stringent regulatory compliance requirements
- Risk of data breaches and cybersecurity threats
- Competition from generic EHR providers
Trend Analysis
- Increasing adoption of cloud-based subscription models
- Rising demand for telehealth and mobile behavioral health apps
- Growth in AI-enabled predictive analytics for patient outcomes
- Expansion of integrated platforms combining behavioral and physical health records
- Focus on interoperability and compliance with healthcare regulations
Drivers & Challenges
Drivers
- Rising prevalence of mental health disorders globally
- Government initiatives promoting digital health adoption
- Technological advancements in cloud computing and AI
Challenges
- High implementation and training costs
- Regulatory hurdles across multiple geographies
- Shortage of IT-skilled professionals in healthcare settings
Value Chain Analysis
- Upstream: Software developers, cloud infrastructure providers, cybersecurity firms
- Midstream: Behavioral health software vendors, R&D labs, healthcare IT companies
- Downstream: Hospitals, clinics, residential facilities, telehealth providers
- End Users: Clinicians, therapists, patients, healthcare administrators
Quick Recommendations for Stakeholders
- Manufacturers: Invest in AI-enabled, interoperable, and mobile-friendly solutions.
- Investors: Focus on companies innovating in telehealth and subscription-based models.
- Healthcare Providers: Adopt cloud-based behavioral health platforms to improve efficiency and patient outcomes.
- Policy Makers: Support affordable access to behavioral health software and enforce data security standards.
- Distributors: Expand into Asia-Pacific and Latin America to capture high-growth demand.
Table of Contents
Global Behavioral Health Software Market Research Report 2026
1 Industry Overview of Behavioral Health Software
1.1 Definition and Specifications of Behavioral Health Software
1.1.1 Definition of Behavioral Health Software
1.1.2 Specifications of Behavioral Health Software
1.2 Classification of Behavioral Health Software
1.2.1 Ownership Model
1.2.2 Subscription Model
1.3 Applications of Behavioral Health Software
1.3.1 Hospitals
1.3.2 Clinics
1.3.3 Residential
1.3.4 Others
1.4 Market Segment by Regions
1.4.1 North America
1.4.2 Europe
1.4.3 China
1.4.4 Japan
1.4.5 Southeast Asia
1.4.6 India
2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Behavioral Health Software
2.1 Raw Material and Suppliers
2.2 Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Behavioral Health Software
2.3 Manufacturing Process Analysis of Behavioral Health Software
2.4 Industry Chain Structure of Behavioral Health Software
3 Technical Data and Manufacturing Plants Analysis of Behavioral Health Software
3.1 Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Behavioral Health Software Major Manufacturers
3.2 Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Behavioral Health Software Major Manufacturers
3.3 R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Behavioral Health Software Major Manufacturers
3.4 Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Behavioral Health Software Major Manufacturers
4 Global Behavioral Health Software Overall Market Overview
4.1 E Overall Market Analysis
4.2 Capacity Analysis
4.2.1 E Global Behavioral Health Software Capacity and Growth Rate Analysis
4.2.2 Behavioral Health Software Capacity Analysis (Company Segment)
4.3 Sales Analysis
4.3.1 E Global Behavioral Health Software Sales and Growth Rate Analysis
4.3.2 Behavioral Health Software Sales Analysis (Company Segment)
4.4 Sales Price Analysis
4.4.1 E Global Behavioral Health Software Sales Price
4.4.2 Behavioral Health Software Sales Price Analysis (Company Segment)
5 Behavioral Health Software Regional Market Analysis
5.1 North America Behavioral Health Software Market Analysis
5.1.1 North America Behavioral Health Software Market Overview
5.1.2 North America E Behavioral Health Software Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.1.3 North America E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price Analysis
5.1.4 North America Behavioral Health Software Market Share Analysis
5.2 Europe Behavioral Health Software Market Analysis
5.2.1 Europe Behavioral Health Software Market Overview
5.2.2 Europe E Behavioral Health Software Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.2.3 Europe E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price Analysis
5.2.4 Europe Behavioral Health Software Market Share Analysis
5.3 China Behavioral Health Software Market Analysis
5.3.1 China Behavioral Health Software Market Overview
5.3.2 China E Behavioral Health Software Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.3.3 China E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price Analysis
5.3.4 China Behavioral Health Software Market Share Analysis
5.4 Japan Behavioral Health Software Market Analysis
5.4.1 Japan Behavioral Health Software Market Overview
5.4.2 Japan E Behavioral Health Software Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.4.3 Japan E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price Analysis
5.4.4 Japan Behavioral Health Software Market Share Analysis
5.5 Southeast Asia Behavioral Health Software Market Analysis
5.5.1 Southeast Asia Behavioral Health Software Market Overview
5.5.2 Southeast Asia E Behavioral Health Software Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.5.3 Southeast Asia E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price Analysis
5.5.4 Southeast Asia Behavioral Health Software Market Share Analysis
5.6 India Behavioral Health Software Market Analysis
5.6.1 India Behavioral Health Software Market Overview
5.6.2 India E Behavioral Health Software Local Supply, Import, Export, Local Consumption Analysis
5.6.3 India E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price Analysis
5.6.4 India Behavioral Health Software Market Share Analysis
6 Global E Behavioral Health Software Segment Market Analysis (by Type)
6.1 Global E Behavioral Health Software Sales by Type
6.2 Different Types of Behavioral Health Software Product Interview Price Analysis
6.3 Different Types of Behavioral Health Software Product Driving Factors Analysis
6.3.1 Ownership Model Growth Driving Factor Analysis
6.3.2 Subscription Model Growth Driving Factor Analysis
7 Global E Behavioral Health Software Segment Market Analysis (by Application)
7.1 Global E Behavioral Health Software Consumption by Application
7.2 Different Application of Behavioral Health Software Product Interview Price Analysis
7.3 Different Application of Behavioral Health Software Product Driving Factors Analysis
7.3.1 Hospitals of Behavioral Health Software Growth Driving Factor Analysis
7.3.2 Clinics of Behavioral Health Software Growth Driving Factor Analysis
7.3.3 Residential of Behavioral Health Software Growth Driving Factor Analysis
7.3.4 Others of Behavioral Health Software Growth Driving Factor Analysis
8 Major Manufacturers Analysis of Behavioral Health Software
8.1 Cerner Corporation
8.1.1 Company Profile
8.1.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.1.2.1 Product A
8.1.2.2 Product B
8.1.3 Cerner Corporation Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.1.4 Cerner Corporation Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.2 Epic Systems
8.2.1 Company Profile
8.2.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.2.2.1 Product A
8.2.2.2 Product B
8.2.3 Epic Systems Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.2.4 Epic Systems Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.3 Netsmart Technologies
8.3.1 Company Profile
8.3.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.3.2.1 Product A
8.3.2.2 Product B
8.3.3 Netsmart Technologies Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.3.4 Netsmart Technologies Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.4 NextGen Healthcare
8.4.1 Company Profile
8.4.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.4.2.1 Product A
8.4.2.2 Product B
8.4.3 NextGen Healthcare Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.4.4 NextGen Healthcare Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.5 Allscripts
8.5.1 Company Profile
8.5.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.5.2.1 Product A
8.5.2.2 Product B
8.5.3 Allscripts Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.5.4 Allscripts Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.6 CureMD
8.6.1 Company Profile
8.6.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.6.2.1 Product A
8.6.2.2 Product B
8.6.3 CureMD Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.6.4 CureMD Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.7 Mediware
8.7.1 Company Profile
8.7.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.7.2.1 Product A
8.7.2.2 Product B
8.7.3 Mediware Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.7.4 Mediware Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.8 Kareo
8.8.1 Company Profile
8.8.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.8.2.1 Product A
8.8.2.2 Product B
8.8.3 Kareo Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.8.4 Kareo Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.9 EMIS Health
8.9.1 Company Profile
8.9.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.9.2.1 Product A
8.9.2.2 Product B
8.9.3 EMIS Health Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.9.4 EMIS Health Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.10 Credible
8.10.1 Company Profile
8.10.2 Product Picture and Specifications
8.10.2.1 Product A
8.10.2.2 Product B
8.10.3 Credible Behavioral Health Software Sales, Ex-factory Price, Revenue, Gross Margin Analysis
8.10.4 Credible Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution Analysis
8.11 Qualifacts
8.12 Core Solutions
8.13 THE ECHO GROUP
8.14 Careworks
8.15 Askesis Development
8.16 MindLinc
8.17 Welligent
8.18 Valant Medical
8.19 PsHEALTH
8.20 ICareHealth
8.21 Accumedic
8.22 BestNotes
9 Development Trend of Analysis of Behavioral Health Software Market
9.1 Global Behavioral Health Software Market Trend Analysis
9.1.1 Global 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Volume and Value) Forecast
9.1.2 Global 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Sales Price Forecast
9.2 Behavioral Health Software Regional Market Trend
9.2.1 North America 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Forecast
9.2.2 Europe 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Forecast
9.2.3 China 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Forecast
9.2.4 Japan 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Forecast
9.2.5 Southeast Asia 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Forecast
9.2.6 India 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Forecast
9.3 Behavioral Health Software Market Trend (Product Type)
9.4 Behavioral Health Software Market Trend (Application)
10 Behavioral Health Software Marketing Type Analysis
10.1 Behavioral Health Software Regional Marketing Type Analysis
10.2 Behavioral Health Software International Trade Type Analysis
10.3 Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Behavioral Health Software by Region
10.4 Behavioral Health Software Supply Chain Analysis
11 Consumers Analysis of Behavioral Health Software
11.1 Consumer 1 Analysis
11.2 Consumer 2 Analysis
11.3 Consumer 3 Analysis
11.4 Consumer 4 Analysis
12 Conclusion of the Global Behavioral Health Software Market Professional Survey Report
Methodology
Analyst Introduction
Data Source
List of Tables and Figures
Figure Picture of Behavioral Health Software
Table Product Specifications of Behavioral Health Software
Table Classification of Behavioral Health Software
Figure Global Production Market Share of Behavioral Health Software by Type in
Figure Ownership Model Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Ownership Model
Figure Subscription Model Picture
Table Major Manufacturers of Subscription Model
Table Applications of Behavioral Health Software
Figure Global Consumption Volume Market Share of Behavioral Health Software by Application in
Figure Hospitals Examples
Table Major Consumers in Hospitals
Figure Clinics Examples
Table Major Consumers in Clinics
Figure Residential Examples
Table Major Consumers in Residential
Figure Others Examples
Table Major Consumers in Others
Figure Market Share of Behavioral Health Software by Regions
Figure North America Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Million USD) (2013-2025)
Figure Europe Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Million USD) (2013-2025)
Figure China Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Million USD) (2013-2025)
Figure Japan Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Million USD) (2013-2025)
Figure Southeast Asia Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Million USD) (2013-2025)
Figure India Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Million USD) (2013-2025)
Table Behavioral Health Software Raw Material and Suppliers
Table Manufacturing Cost Structure Analysis of Behavioral Health Software in
Figure Manufacturing Process Analysis of Behavioral Health Software
Figure Industry Chain Structure of Behavioral Health Software
Table Capacity and Commercial Production Date of Global Behavioral Health Software Major Manufacturers
Table Manufacturing Plants Distribution of Global Behavioral Health Software Major Manufacturers
Table R&D Status and Technology Source of Global Behavioral Health Software Major Manufacturers
Table Raw Materials Sources Analysis of Global Behavioral Health Software Major Manufacturers
Table Global Capacity, Sales , Price, Cost, Sales Revenue (M USD) and Gross Margin of Behavioral Health Software E
Figure Global E Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Volume) and Growth Rate
Figure Global E Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Value) and Growth Rate
Table E Global Behavioral Health Software Capacity and Growth Rate
Table Global Behavioral Health Software Capacity (K Units) List (Company Segment)
Table E Global Behavioral Health Software Sales (K Units) and Growth Rate
Table Global Behavioral Health Software Sales (K Units) List (Company Segment)
Table E Global Behavioral Health Software Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Table Global Behavioral Health Software Sales Price (USD/Unit) List (Company Segment)
Figure North America Capacity Overview
Table North America Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Behavioral Health Software E
Figure North America E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure North America Behavioral Health Software Sales Market Share
Figure Europe Capacity Overview
Table Europe Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Behavioral Health Software E
Figure Europe E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Europe Behavioral Health Software Sales Market Share
Figure China Capacity Overview
Table China Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Behavioral Health Software E
Figure China E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure China Behavioral Health Software Sales Market Share
Figure Japan Capacity Overview
Table Japan Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Behavioral Health Software E
Figure Japan E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Japan Behavioral Health Software Sales Market Share
Figure Southeast Asia Capacity Overview
Table Southeast Asia Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Behavioral Health Software E
Figure Southeast Asia E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Southeast Asia Behavioral Health Software Sales Market Share
Figure India Capacity Overview
Table India Supply, Import, Export and Consumption (K Units) of Behavioral Health Software E
Figure India E Behavioral Health Software Sales Price (USD/Unit)
Figure India Behavioral Health Software Sales Market Share
Table Global E Behavioral Health Software Sales (K Units) by Type
Table Different Types Behavioral Health Software Product Interview Price
Table Global E Behavioral Health Software Sales (K Units) by Application
Table Different Application Behavioral Health Software Product Interview Price
Table Cerner Corporation Information List
Table Product Overview
Table Cerner Corporation Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Cerner Corporation Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table Epic Systems Information List
Table Product Overview
Table Epic Systems Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Epic Systems Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table Netsmart Technologies Information List
Table Product Overview
Table Netsmart Technologies Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Netsmart Technologies Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table NextGen Healthcare Information List
Table Product Overview
Table NextGen Healthcare Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure NextGen Healthcare Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table Allscripts Information List
Table Product Overview
Table Allscripts Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Allscripts Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table CureMD Information List
Table Product Overview
Table CureMD Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure CureMD Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table Mediware Information List
Table Product Overview
Table Mediware Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Mediware Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table Kareo Information List
Table Product Overview
Table Kareo Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Kareo Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table EMIS Health Information List
Table Product Overview
Table EMIS Health Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure EMIS Health Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table Credible Information List
Table Product Overview
Table Credible Behavioral Health Software Revenue (Million USD), Sales (K Units), Ex-factory Price (USD/Unit)
Figure Credible Behavioral Health Software Business Region Distribution
Table Qualifacts Information List
Table Core Solutions Information List
Table THE ECHO GROUP Information List
Table Careworks Information List
Table Askesis Development Information List
Table MindLinc Information List
Table Welligent Information List
Table Valant Medical Information List
Table PsHEALTH Information List
Table ICareHealth Information List
Table Accumedic Information List
Table BestNotes Information List
Figure Global 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Market Size (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Market Size (Million USD) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Global 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Sales Price (USD/Unit) Forecast
Figure North America 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure China 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Europe 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Southeast Asia 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure Japan 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Figure India 2018-2025 Behavioral Health Software Consumption Volume (K Units) and Growth Rate Forecast
Table Global Sales Volume (K Units) of Behavioral Health Software by Type 2018-2025
Table Global Consumption Volume (K Units) of Behavioral Health Software by Application 2018-2025
Table Traders or Distributors with Contact Information of Behavioral Health Software by Region
Key Players
- Cerner Corporation
- Epic Systems Corporation
- Netsmart Technologies, Inc.
- NextGen Healthcare, Inc.
- Allscripts Healthcare Solutions, Inc.
- CureMD Healthcare
- Mediware Information Systems
- Kareo, Inc.
- EMIS Health
- Credible Behavioral Health Software
- Qualifacts Systems, Inc.
- Core Solutions, Inc.
- The Echo Group
- Careworks, Inc.
- Askesis Development Group, Inc.
- MindLinc
- Welligent, Inc.
- Valant Medical Solutions
- PsHEALTH
- ICareHealth
- Accumedic Computer Systems, Inc.
- BestNotes
- Athenahealth, Inc.
- Greenway Health, LLC
- AdvancedMD, Inc.
Segments Analysis
By Product Type
- Ownership Model (on-premise solutions, higher upfront costs, full control)
- Subscription Model (cloud-based, scalable, lower upfront costs, recurring revenue)
By Application
- Hospitals (large-scale deployment for inpatient and outpatient care)
- Clinics (small to mid-sized practices, outpatient behavioral health services)
- Residential Facilities (rehabilitation centers, long-term care)
- Others (community health centers, telehealth platforms, academic institutions)
